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LABORATORIOS HIPRA S.A. makes available interesting
questions that we belive may be usefull to you:
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How does one choose between a 1-dose or 2-dose vaccination programme when vaccinating against M. hyopneumoniae?
It is generally expected that a 2-dose vaccination programme would present greater efficacy than one using a single dose. This is because the second dose of vaccine is able to induce a booster effect of animals’ immune systems. Furthermore, 2-dose vaccination programmes are able to overcome more efficaciously the barrier of maternal antibodies coming from colostrum, i.e., they reduce the risk of partial or total neutralisation of the vaccinal antigen. It is recommended that vaccination be delayed in 1-dose programmes so as to avoid partial or total neutralisation of the antigen, thereby reducing the risk of losing vaccinal activity.
It is essential, for each farm, to determine, by using serology and / or PCR, the dynamics of infection by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. It can generally be expected that vaccination with two doses is profitable on those farms on which the animals undergo very early infections (during lactation), early ones (during transition) or late ones (in the first few weeks after entering the fattening farm). Nevertheless, vaccination with a single dose will probably be profitable on those farms on which animals undergo very late infections.
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Do we obtain a good immune response in calves when they are vaccinated when 1-month old?
The standard recommendation, when vaccinating young calves with a tetravalent virical vaccine (e.g., against BVD, IBR, BRSV, PI-3), is to do the primary vaccination when they are 4 to 6 weeks old and a booster dose 3 or 4 weeks later. The motive for this recommendation is, on the one hand, to prevent the colostral antibodies, which are passively transferred to the calf after birth, from inactivating the vaccinal virus and compromising the response that the immune system must develop after vaccination and revaccination. On the other hand, it is also recommendable for heading off the period of greatest incidence of respiratory processes in young calves that usually increase as of this age.
Two important concepts must be kept in mind; one is the duration of the colostral antibodies and the other is the duration of colostral protection. Colostral antibodies can usually be detected up to 5 or 6 months of age, but the average life of these antibodies is only 4 to 5 weeks. This means the colostral antibodies are reduced by half just one month after birth. This is why vaccination is postponed until this age. It is when protection conferred by the cow has greatly diminished, the risk of infection of the calf and possibility of developing the disease are greater and vaccinal antigens are no longer neutralised and can optimally induce immunity.
Therefore, vaccination at 4 to 6 weeks and revaccination 3 to 4 weeks later means the vaccinal antigens develop a complete, detectable and serologically measurable immune response.
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